Critical Automotive applications: Robustness & Safety
Workshop
CARS@EDCC2022
On Robustness methods and
development techniques for safety related automotive embedded systems and
applications
7th
edition of CARS in conjunction with
EDCC
2022, Zaragoza, Spain
September
12, 2022
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Organized by:
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Jean-Charles Fabre LAAS-CNRS Toulouse, France |
Rolf Johansson Astus Gothenburg, Sweden |
Mario Trapp Fraunhofer IKS Munich, Germany |
Publication Chair : Matthieu ROY, LAAS-CNRS, Toulouse, France roy@laas.fr
Workshop Keynotes:
Towards
Cyber Resilient Autonomous Vehicle Ecosystems: Pitfalls and Enablers
Paulo Esteves-Veríssimo
KAUST, CEMSE, RC3 (Resilient Computing and
Cybersecurity Center), KSA
Abstract
Currently, there is a substantial push towards autonomous systems in the
market. Whilst cooperative autonomous systems, such as vehicles, have been
using extensive fault-tolerance e.g., in x-by-wire functions, and are quite
safe from an accidental faults perspective, they present a considerable threat
surface to malicious faults activating defects almost impossible to reach
accidentally. This pitfall has been very slowly recognized by car makers. We
will discuss this threat surface in an analysis including the whole ecosystem,
from in-car systems and networks, roadside infrastructures, to V2V and V2I
communication networks, as a first step towards solutions.
The consequences of such attacks are likely to be severe, in particular
because autonomous systems have kinetic behavior and many operate in close
proximity to humans, and can thus cause physical damage, life-threatening
included. For these reasons, we elect cyber resilience as an enabler of
sustainable secure, safe and real-time operation of next-generation
architectures for autonomous cooperative systems, in particular automotive.
Briefly, resilient computing techniques draw from the fusion between
dependability, security and AI/ML: understanding the need to automatically and
simultaneously fight against cyber-attacks, accidental faults, design errors,
and unexpected operating conditions; learn and adapt to uncertain situations,
whilst maintaining an acceptable degree of predictability. The ultimate goal of
resilience is providing unattended and sustainable operation even in the
presence of extremely adverse and/or unexpected situations.
This talk will discuss how the incorporation of resilience techniques
can bring autonomous vehicle ecosystems to the desired level of safety and
security, in an incremental, dynamic, and adaptive way. Finally, we will
discuss a quite important pitfall originating from the use of inappropriate
AI/ML techniques in certain autonomous vehicles, which have been the cause of
serious accidents. We suggest paths to address this serious problem.
The speaker
Paulo Esteves-Veríssimo is a
professor at KAUST University (KSA) and Director of its Resilient Computing and
Cybersecurity Center (https://rc3.kaust.edu.sa/), and research fellow of SnT
at the Univ. of Luxembourg (UNILU). Previously, he has been a professor and FNR PEARL Chair at UNILU and Head of the CritiX
lab (https://wwwen.uni.lu/snt/research/critix).
He was a member of the Sci
&Tech. Comm. of ECSO EU Cyber Security Org., Chair of IFIP WG 10.4 on Dependable
Comp. and F/T, and vice-Chair of the Steer. Comm. of the DSN conference. He
is Fellow of IEEE and of ACM, and associate editor of the IEEE TETC
journal, author of over 200 peer-refereed publications and co-author of 5
books. He is currently
interested in resilient computing, in areas like: SDN-based infrastructures;
autonomous vehicles; distributed control systems; digital health and genomics;
or blockchain and cryptocurrencies.
Reconfigurable
logic for automotive edge computing: from promises to dependability assessment
challenges
Juan-Carlos Ruiz-Garcia
Dept. DISCA, UPV, Spain
Abstract:
Reconfigurable
logic devices have provided means to meet the requirements of evolution existing
in parts of modern automotive embedded HW systems. The combination of hard
(fast) and reconfigurable (flexible) logic, leads the promise of
automotive-graded HW platforms enabling manufacturers to tailor accelerators to
specific applications and models. In such a way, HW platforms can be customized
attending to the needs of each embedded subsystem to provide higher levels of
performance at lower levels of power consumption, and (re-)adjust parts of the
logic attending to the set of safety requirements under consideration, existing
threats, and their evolution along the time. Despite the high potential of this
technology to produce more sophisticated automotive systems, its practical
exploitation poses serious doubts in part due to the many challenges that must
be addressed when assessing the robustness of the hardware running in the
system reconfigurable logic. Although the ISO 26262 standard recommends the use
of experimental fault injection for this type of assessment, the spatial and
temporal complexity of the logic implementation and the various fault models to
consider leads to very long injection campaigns that are unaffordable in
practice. One solution is to decrease the level of detail of implementations
and inject faults on high-level logic models. Another possibility consists in
reducing the number of faults to inject to decrease the experimental
time. Both solutions are largely used in the domain, but one must be
aware about the existing implications on accuracy and representativity of results.
This keynote speech explores this problem, identifying the challenges existing
when dealing with experimental fault injection on reconfigurable logic and
proposing some solutions to make this type of dependability assessment
feasible.
The speaker
Juan-Carlos Ruiz-Garcia is Assistant
Professor at UPV (Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain). He is member of
the Fault-Tolerant Systems Research Group (GSTF) of ITACA, a UPV research
institute. He is also member of the Department of Computer Engineering (DISCA)
of the UPV. He teaches computer engineering and mobile programming in the UPV
School of Computer Science (ETSINF), where he also acts as Vice-Dean for
International Relations.
He has a long experience on, although his
research is not limited to, the verification of safety-critical embedded
systems through fault injection. He regularly contributes as Program Committee,
Organization Committee or Conference Chair to the most important international
scientific conferences related to dependability, such as the European
Dependable Computing Conference and the IFIP/IEEE Dependable Systems and
Networks Conference. He is author of more than 60 scientific papers published
in relevant journals and conferences. He is member of IFIP SIG 10.4 on
Dependability Benchmarking.
1
Workshop topics and goals
The increasing complexity of automotive
applications, the challenges posed by autonomous vehicles, the need to master
production costs using off-the-shelf components, the coexistence of
critical and non-critical applications, and the emergence of new architectural
paradigms (Cloud, AI) may have a strong effect on dependability of
automotive embedded systems. This situation requires design and validation
methods, but also tools to improve automotive systems robustness and their
safety and security properties.
The evolution of automotive systems is
supported by standards (like AUTOSAR, ISO26262) that respectively advocate a
software architecture but also recommend development approaches to improve
system robustness and safety. The fast evolution of both standards is a reality
to incorporate novel features, more flexibility while improving robustness,
security and safety.
The goal of the workshop is to bring
together researchers and practitioners interested in the construction of
critical automotive applications and systems. It will place the emphasis on
dependability issues, software engineering for robustness, security and safety
issues, real time embedded systems technologies, architectural software and
hardware solutions, development processes for dependable automotive embedded
systems.
In particular, CARS aims at promoting and
fostering discussion on novel ideas and techniques, possibly controversial
approaches, it is a forum for on-going work exchange, a place where researchers
and developers can share both real problems and innovative solutions.
Topics of interest for the workshop
include (but are not limited to):
·
Safety in the development processes and safety management.
·
Combined approaches for safety and security
·
Safety of the Intended Functionality (SOTIF)
·
Autonomous systems, car-to-X, ADAS and safety
·
Hardware and software support for dependable automotive systems.
·
Middleware and tool support for dependable embedded automotive
systems.
·
Open source approaches and integration of SEooC (Safety Elements
out of Context).
·
Real-time operating systems, WCET estimation, schedulability
analysis.
·
Modelling and code generation techniques.
·
Software safety analysis and formal verification techniques for
automotive systems.
·
Coordination, communication, networking and distributed control
architectures.
·
Diagnosis approaches, failure data, practical experience reports
of critical applications.
·
Validation by fault injection during the V life cycle according to
ISO 26262.
·
Cloud-based automotive applications and IA
·
Cyber-security and connected cars
Application areas of interest to the workshop
focus on the automotive domain but methods and techniques in other transport
domains (e.g. aerospace, railways) are also welcome.
The workshop is complementary to the EDCC
main track as it focuses on dependability in automotive embedded systems.
2
Workshop format
The anticipated format for this one-day
workshop is as follows:
·
A first opening session with a keynote speech, related to
industrial experience or to challenges.
·
A set of regular sessions devoted to the presentation of short
papers on a given topic (architecture, development, evaluation, etc.) with space for discussions:
The CARS workshop is organized since 2010
and attached to a big event, mainly EDCC (European
Conference on Dependable Computing). Its format proved to be very successful
since the first issue of the CARS workshop at EDCC2010
in Valencia, Spain. The second issue
in 2013 was attached to SAFECOMP 2013 (International Conference on Computer Safety,
Reliability and Security, Toulouse,
France). It was then organized several times in conjunction with EDCC
at EDCC 2016 in Gothenburg, Sweden
at EDCC 2021 in Munich, Germany
3
Keynote speaker
A keynote speaker is always invited (see
previous invited speakers in former CARS workshop editions that are available
on-line).
4
Contribution to the workshop
To contribute to the workshop, authors are
invited to submit (i) an extended position paper of 4 pages (IEEE format) or (ii) an abstract (1 page
IEEE format).
The program committee will carefully
review submitted papers. The review will focus not only on the paper's quality,
but also on its ability to engender fruitful discussions.
All authors of accepted papers are invited
to attend the workshop.
The accepted papers will be published on line on HAL.
Submission of papers is open on easychair CARS2022
submission site.
Important Dates:
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Paper submission |
June 13th, 2022 (extended
deadline) |
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Author notification |
July
2nd, 2022 |
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Camera-ready paper |
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Only papers presented at the workshop
will be published on HAL.
5
Program Committee
The Program Committee for the CARS
workshop is, as usual, voluntarily balanced between academia and industry. All
members who joined the PC in the past are renowned leaders, scientists and
practitioners.
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Academia members |
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Industry members |
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Publication chair: |
Matthieu Roy, LAAS-CNRS, France
•–•–•–•
Version
date: July 23, 2022.